Legalizing Gambling In Hawaii

Nation Tribe: Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma

• Is Gambling Allowed In Hawaii
• Legalize Gambling In Hawaii
• Legalized Gambling In Hawaii
• Legalizing Gambling In Hawaii
• Is There Any Gambling In Hawaii

The use, sale, and possession of cannabis over 0.3% THC in the United States, despite state laws, is illegal under federal law. As a Schedule I drug under the federal Controlled Substances Act of 1970, cannabis over 0.3% THC (legal term marijuana) is considered to have 'no accepted medical use' and have a high potential for abuse and physical or psychological dependence. Saracen Casino Resort is a state-licensed casino in Arkansas owned by the Quapaw Nation of Oklahoma. The Saracen Casino officially opened Oct. 15, 2020 with 2,000 slot machines and 35 table games on an 80,000-sq-ft gaming floor. 1910: All Gambling Banned Again. As the 20th century began basically all forms of gambling had been deemed illegal once again, including lotteries. By 1911 less than 30 racetracks remained and organized crime had solidified its position as the main option for gambling and sports betting. 1931: New Deal Legalizes Gambling in Nevada.

US Hwy 63/79 at Martha Mitchell Expressway
Pine Bluff, Arkansas

Saracen Casino Resort is a $350 million casino, hotel and event venue in Pine Bluff, Arkansas.

A temporary casino named Saracen Casino Annex opened in October 2019 and replaced a year later by a permanent casino on October 15, 2020. A hotel with spa and an event center are planned to open in 2021.

News Headlines

History of Saracen Casino

On June 13, 2019 the Arkansas Racing Commission unanimously approved the casino license sought by the Quapaw Tribe to build a casino in Jefferson County east of the Pine Bluff Mall in Pine Bluff. The casino will be named Saracen Casino Resort after Quapaw Chief Saracen, who was buried in Pine Bluff back in 1832.

The Quapaw Tribe has worked with local officials for the past 5 years to bring a casino to Pine Bluff. The casino project is supported by government leaders of both Pine Bluff and Jefferson County.

State-Licensed Casino

The Quapaw Nation are building the $350 million dollar Saracen Casino Resort in Pine Bluff after winning a casino license from the Arkansas Racing Commission. Arkansas voters approved Amendment 3 in the Nov 2018 election legalizing casino gambling and authorizing the state to issue casino licenses for the first time ever.

Saracen Casino is the third casino licensed in Arkansas and the third owned by the Quapaw Nation. The tribe also owns the Quapaw Casino in Miami, OK and the Downstream Casino Resort in Quapaw, OK.

Saracen Casino Resort Timeline

The groundbreaking for the Saracen Casino was held August 5, 2019.

During construction a temporary casino named Saracen Casino Annex opened Oct. 1, 2019. The Saracen Casino Annex hosts 300 slots machines and is located at 3513 Market St in Pine Bluff.

The permanent casino was officially opened Oct. 15, 2020. Saracen's 80,000-square-foot casino floor features 2,000 slot machines and 35 table games.

A 300-room hotel with conference center and spa will open adjacent to the casino in 2021. An entertainment venue is also planned for 2021.

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Is Gambling Allowed In Hawaii

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Gaming

$350 million
349-acre land site
80,000 square foot casino floor

Open 24 hours daily

2,000 more slot machines

35 table games - June 2020

Sportsbook

Restaurants

Red Oak Steakhouse
Buffet
3 fast casual food venues
coffee shop
Legends Sports Bar

Entertainment

Entertainment venue is planned. Detail are to be announced.
Opens 2021.

Hotel

13-story hotel tower with 300 rooms, conference center and spa.
Opens 2021.

News Articles

New Saracen Casino is a success after first two months

January 28, 2021

After opening on October, 15, 2020, the new Saracen Casino is showing successful numbers. Even with the COVID-19 limitations on capacity, the customer traffic has been strong over the last two months. Revenues have been positive.

Carlton Saffa, chief marketing officer for the casino, put it this way:

'What I am proud of is really pretty simple. When the project was proposed, many people that we have a lot of respect for said it was not going to work in Pine Bluff. And they're eating crow right now. This has been a success. We have proven the naysayers wrong.'

Saracen Casino showed slightly better numbers last quarter than Oaklawn Racing Casino.

Saffa said Quapaw Nation officials are pleased with the numbers and noted that Saracen's performance against Oaklawn shows Saracen is 'doing a lot of things right'.

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Saracen Casino opens permanent casino facility!

October 19, 2020

Last thursday the Saracen Casino officially opened its new permanent gaming facility featuring 2,000 slot machines, 35 table games and several restaurants. Construction on the casino began in August 2019, and atemporary casino, the Saracen Casino Annex, opened in October 2019. An event center and a hotel are planned for 2021.

Saracen Casino officially opens in Pine Bluff amid pandemic - Courtesy of THV11, Oct 15, 2020. Available from YouTube

Saracen Casino is implementing several health and safety procedures to protect against the COVID-19 pandemic. Masks must be worn by all employees and guests and social distancing is enforced at the gaming tables and in the restaurants.

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Saracen Casino Resort will hire 800 before October opening

August 13, 2020

Saracen Casino Resort will hire 800 new workers in the next few weeks as the new Pine Bluff casino prepares to open. The grand opening date has not been announced, however it is expected in early October.

Most of the 800 new hires will receive one to two weeks of paid training prior to the opening. Nearly 400 of the new jobs will be in the food and beverage department supporting six restaurants and the lounge bars. Other jobs are available throughout the property in areas of administration, IT, janitorial, grounds keeping, parking and security.

The total employment at the Saracen Casino will be 1,200.

'Saracen Casino Resort offers competitive wages, company paid holidays, vacations, and a complete benefits package including medical, dental and vision coverage for each employee, employee parties, free uniforms and a cafeteria style meal for every shift you work!'

For more information and to submit your application, visit Saracen Casino Employment.

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Saracen Casino targets June 26 completion

February 2, 2020

Construction of the Saracen Casino's 80,000-square-foot gaming floor and restaurants is preceding 24/7 towards a completion date of June 26. John Berrey, chairman of the Quapaw Nation, hopes that date is earlier. He said, 'My goal is sometime in May to have a soft opening.'

The current construction is the first phase of the $350 million casino resort project. Phase 2 will add a hotel and events center sometime next year. The completed casino resort will total 540,000 square feet.

The new casino will open with 2,000 slot machines, 30-35 table games and seven restaurants around the perimeter. The restaurants will include the Red Oak Steakhouse, Legends Sports Bar, a buffet, three fast food venues and a coffee shop.

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Saracen Casino Annex opens 300 slots on Oct 1

September 29, 2019

A ribbon-cutting ceremony is scheduled at 11 AM Oct. 1 at the Saracen Casino Annex, where doors will open to 300 new slot machines inside a 15,000-square-foot building.

The location is across the street from the Sacracen Casino building site and next to the Saracen Q-Store at 3513 Market St in Pine Bluff.

Courtesy of THV11.com

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New Saracen Casino will break ground Aug 5

July 27, 2019

The Quapaw Nation of Oklahoma will celebrate the groundbreaking for the Saracen Casino Resort at 11 AM Monday August 5th. The event will be held at 3512 Market St. in Pine Bluff, Arkansas.

The Arkansas Racing Commission approved the casino license June 13, 2019 to build this casino in Jefferson County. Construction is expected to be completed in mid-2020.

The casino will have a 80,000-square-foot gaming floor with 2,000 slot machines and 35 table games.

The hotel will offer 300 guest rooms and suites including a spa, restaurants and lounges. There will also be an entertainment venue, conference center, a museum and cultural center.

The total project will be 570,000 square feet built on a 110 acre site.

As part of the cermony August 5, the Quapaw Nation will also celebrate a ribbon-cutting for their new Saracen Annex Q-Store, a convenience store across the street from the casino site. The store is 20,000-square-feet with 300 gaming machines.

The Saracen Casino will be the third owned by the Quapaw Nation. The tribe also owns the Quapaw Downstream Casino Resort in Quapaw, OK and the Quapaw Casino in Miami, OK.

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Saracen Casino Resort wins sole casino license for Jefferson County

June 14, 2019

Yesterday the Arkansas Racing Commission unanimously approved the casino application submitted by the Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma to build the Saracen Casino Resort in Jefferson County at Pine Bluff. The $350 million casino resort is supported by both city and county officials.

Quapaw's Downstream Development Authority will develop the project and manage the operation. The Saracen Casino Resort will be modeled after Downstream Casino Resort in Quapaw, Oklahoma. A major difference is the Saracen Casino Resort will not be an Indian gaming casino regulated by the National Indian Gaming Commissions. Instead it will be a commercial casino licensed and regulated by the Arkansas Racing Commission.

Construction is expected to take 11 months and employ 1,000 workers. A grand opening is expected in the first half of 2020.

The Quapaw Tribe was the sole bidder for the Jefferson County casino license. This is the third casino authorized in the state. The first two licensees were Oaklawn Racing Casino Resort and Southland Casino Racing. Both began operations April 1, 2019.

The fourth and final license will be issued for a Pope County casino. Five applicants submitted proposals to the Arkansas Racing Commission prior to the May 31 deadline. All five applications have been declined. The rejected applicants were:

• Cherokee Nation and Legends Joint Venture

• Choctaw Nation

• Gulfside Casino Partnership (River Valley Casino Resort)

• Hard Rock International & Warner Gaming (Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Arkansas)

• Robert and Ruth Kehl

All were rejected for not having documented local support from city officials or the county judge.

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Quapaw Nation Applies for Arkansas Casino

May 1, 2019

The Quapaw Nation delivered an official application and a $250,000 check to the Arkansas Racing Commission office today. It was the opening day for applicants to apply for the two available licenses in Pope and Jefferson counties. Applications can be submitted through May 30.

The Quapaw Nation plan to build a 240 million casino named Saracen Casino Resort. It will be located in Jefferson County near The Pines mall in Pine Bluff.

Construction of Saracen Casino Resort would start immediately upon approval of the application. It will take about twelve months to complete the casino and restaurants and another six months to complete the hotel and convention center

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Saracen Casino Resort Project Update

March 9, 2019

If approved by the Arkansas Racing Commission, the Quapaw Tribe intends to break ground on its Saracen Casino Resort immediately after issuanace of a gaming license.

John Berrey, a Quapaw Tribe chief and project chairman, described the casino as being in the programming phase. The $320 million financial target to build the project is based on $100 million for construction materials, $120 million for the cost of construction and $100 million to furnish and equip the facilities.

'Programming is a big word for taking all the stuff we want and jamming it into a building that looks good and figuring out how much it cost, because I have to borrow this money,' John Berrey said. 'Twelve years ago, you (could) get 10 times your income, but now it's three or four times, so I'm limited by our feasibility study to what I can borrow. We've been working for the last two weeks, and we want a lot of stuff, but we don't want to pay a whole lot for it.'

Berrey believes construction can be completed on a similar schedule as the Downstream Casino and Resort in Oklahoma, an earlier project he managed. If so, it will take ten months to construct the outside of the Saracen Casino Resort, and complet the restaurants and gaming areas. Construction of the hotel will take another six months.

Berrey said, 'We'll build the structure, put the skin on it ... we'll focus on opening the casino so I can start generating income to help pay for finishing up the hotel and convention space. So, let's say we get our license mid-April, I'm thinking I'd like to see it open by Valentine's Day 2020.'

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Saracen Casino Resort Status Report

February 26, 2019

This is a summary of the key progress made since the Nov 2018 election which allowed a casino to be built in Pine Bluff, Arkansas.

• The Pine Bluff casino plan was submitted by the Downstream Development Authority of the Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma. This is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Quapaw that has owned and operated the Downstream Casino Resort in Quapaw, OK since 2008.

• The Pine Bluff casino will be named Saracen Casino Resort in honor of Chief Saracen, a Quapaw leader who was buried in Pine Bluff in the mid-1830s.

• Downstream Development Authority was selected by leaders in Pine Bluff and Jefferson County to build and operate the casino in Pine Bluff.

• The casino site is located at the intersection of US Hwy 63/79 and the Martha Mitchell Expressway. This is across from the Pines Mall and the Social Security Administration.

• Construction plans are in place and ready to break ground as soon as the casino license is issued by the State Racing Commission. This could be as early as April of May.

• Construction will take 10 months and cost $210 to $240 million dollars.

• An estimated 1,000 temporary workers will be needed for construction and 1,000 to 1,100 workers will be permanently employed by the casino.

• The grand opening is targeted for Valentine's Day 2020.

• Downstream Development announced the purchase of the Southern Edge Truck Stop on U.S. Hwy 63. This is a 24/7 fuel station and convenience store near the casino site.
  Southern Edge Truck Stop, 3513 Market St, Pine Bluff, AR 71603, (870) 534-2402

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Proposed Saracen Casino Resort gets city and county government support

December 09, 2018

The proposed Saracen Casino Resort has received letters of support from city and county government leaders. The letters were sent to the Downstream Development Authority. The group is part of the Oklahoma based Quapaw Nation.

The tribe owns the Downstream Casino Resort and the Quapaw Casino.

On Wednesday the Racing Commission will meet to discuss the proposed casino.

If approval is given, the Saracen Casino Resort could open by the end of next year.

Voters approved a constitutional amendment that would expand gaming on November 6 of this year. This was Issue Four on the ballot.

Downstream Development Authority contributed $3.65 million to the campaign to pass the expanded gaming measure.

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Quapaw Tribe plan Pine Bluff casino to open early 2020

November 08, 2018

By the end of April, a permit could be granted for a casino in Pine Bluff. By June ground could be broken. The casino could be opened by the beginning of 2020. The casino would be owned by the Quapaw Tribe from Oklahoma.

If approved the casino would offer a range of gambling including sports betting.

The tribe was a major supporter of the expanded gaming law, Issue 4.

Officials for Pine Bluff have worked with the tribe for 5 years in effort to develop a casino there. The exact location for the casino has not been released. However, it could be on the city's southwest side.

The Quapaw have a historical connection to Pine Bluff as their ancestral homeland.

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News Headlines Continued

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A bookmaker, bookie, or turf accountant is an organization or a person that accepts and pays off bets on sporting and other events at agreed-upon odds.

History[edit]

The first bookmaker, Ogden, stood at Newmarket in 1795.^[1]

Range of events[edit]

Bookmakers in many countries focus on accepting bets on professional sports, especially horse racing and association football (soccer). However, a wider range of bets, including on political elections, awards ceremonies such as the Oscars, and novelty bets are accepted by bookmakers in some countries.

Operational procedures[edit]

By 'adjusting the odds' in their favour (paying out amounts using odds that are less than what they determined to be the true odds) or by having a point spread, bookmakers aim to guarantee a profit by achieving a 'balanced book', either by getting an equal number of bets for each possible outcome or (when they are offering odds) by getting the amounts wagered on each outcome to reflect the odds.^[2] When a large bet comes in, a bookmaker may also try to lay off the risk by buying bets from other bookmakers. Bookmakers do not generally attempt to make money from the bets themselves but rather by acting as market makers and profiting from the event regardless of the outcome. Their working methods are similar to those of an actuary, who does a similar balancing of financial outcomes of events for the assurance and insurance industries.

Legality[edit]

Depending on the country, bookmaking may be legal or illegal and is often regulated. In the United Kingdom, since 1 May 1961, bookmaking has been legal and has even been a small contributor to the British economy, with a recent explosion of interest with regard to the international gaming sector industry. However, gambling debts were unenforceable under British law until the Gambling Act 2005. Many bookmakers are members of IBAS, an industry organisation used to settle disputes.

Bookmaking is generally illegal in the United States, with Nevada being an exception due to the influence of Las Vegas. In May 2018, a United States Supreme Court ruling struck down the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992, which prevented individual states from legalizing bookmaking.

In some countries, such as Singapore, Sweden, Canada, and Japan, the only legal bookmaker is owned and operated by the state. In Canada, this is part of the lottery programme and is known as Sport Select.

United Kingdom gambling industry[edit]

The first bookmaker in the United Kingdom is considered to be Harry Ogden, who opened a business in the 1790s, although similar activities had existed in other forms earlier in the eighteenth century.^[3][4]

Following the Gaming Act 1845, the only gambling allowed in the United Kingdom was at race tracks. The introduction of special excursion trains meant that all classes of society could attend the new racecourses opening across the country. Cash flowed to the bookmakers who employed bodyguards against protection gangs operating within the vast crowds.^[5] Illegal betting shops were fined, but some, like Bella Thomasson, ran betting businesses that the police appeared to turn a blind eye to.^[6]

In 1961, Harold Macmillan's Conservative government legalised betting shops, with tough measures enacted to ensure that bookmakers remained honest. A large industry has grown since. At one time, there were over 15,000 betting shops. Now, through consolidation, they have been reduced to between 9,100 and 9,200 in 2013.^[7] The group of the largest bookmakers in the country, known as the 'Big Three', comprises William Hill, Ladbrokes, and Coral.^[8]

Improved TV coverage and the modernisation of the law have allowed betting in shops and casinos in most countries. In the UK, on-track bookies still mark up the odds on boards beside the race course and use tic-tac or mobile telephones to communicate the odds between their staff and to other bookies, but, with the modernisation of United Kingdom bookmaking laws, online and high street gambling are at an all-time high. A so-called super-casino had been planned for construction in Manchester, but the government announced that this plan had been scrapped on 26 February 2008.

Internet gambling[edit]

Legalize Gambling In Hawaii

Although online gambling first started in 1994 when the licensing authority of Antigua and Barbuda passed the Free Trade & Processes Act, bookmakers did not get involved until 2001. They were forced to act when research at the time found there were eight million online players worldwide.^[9]

With the arrival of the World Wide Web, many bookmakers have an online brand, but independently owned bookmakers often still maintain a 'bricks and mortar' only operation as the software and hardware required to operate a successful online betting operation are complex and their costs are quite prohibitive; other bookmakers operate 'skins' or 'white label' websites, which they purchase from one of the large firms. The main websites require bets to be from countries where Internet gambling is allowed and from people over 18 years old. Some small bookmakers and startups purchase software from specialised white label solution providers. Since gambling products have a high conversion rate from one niche to another, most online betting websites also feature other gambling products such as poker, live dealer casino games, lottery, bingo, slots and other casino games. Controversially, the explosion in Internet gambling is being linked to a rise in gambling addiction, according to the UK's help and advice organisations for addicts, GamCare and Gamblers Anonymous.

Increasingly, online bettors are turning to the use of betting exchanges such as Betfair and BETDAQ, which automatically match back and lay bets between different bettors, thus effectively cutting out the bookmaker's traditional profit margin also called an overround.

These online exchange markets operate a market index of prices near but usually not at 100% competitiveness, as exchanges take commissions on winnings. True wholesale odds are odds that operate at 100% of probabilistic outcomes.

Betting exchanges compete with the traditional bookmaker. They are generally able to offer punters better odds because of their much lower overheads but also give opportunities for arbitrage, the practice of taking advantage of a price differential between two or more markets. However, traditionally, arbitrage has always been possible by backing all outcomes with bookmakers (dutching), as opposed to laying an outcome on an exchange. Exchanges, however, allow bookmakers to see the state of the market and set their odds accordingly.

Legalized Gambling In Hawaii

With the increasing number of online betting exchanges, betting exchanges are now providing free bet offers in an attempt to lure customers away from the competition. These free bets are generally based on the size of the deposit made into the gambling account. For example, if a customer made a deposit of $20, the betting exchange would deposit an additional $20 for the customer to use.^[10] Free bet rules vary depending on the betting exchange.

Some bookmakers have even taken to using betting exchanges as a way of laying off unfavourable bets and thus reducing their overall exposure. This has led to insecurity from some TABs in Australia, state-run betting agencies that attempted to deny Betfair an Australian licence by running unfavourable ads in the media regarding the company. When Tasmania granted Betfair a licence despite these efforts, the Western Australian state legislature passed a law that specifically criminalised using betting exchanges from within the state; however, the law was later ruled to be unconstitutional. As a result, internet gambling in Australia required a new legal framework. The Interactive Gambling Act 2001 regulates the online gambling market in Australia, together with all its amendments. The last amendment was introduced on 13 September 2017. This bill states that online casinos, online poker and live betting is illegal in Australia. The Australian Communication and Media Authority (ACMA) is the regulatory body that is in charge of all supervising online gambling activities. Online sports betting is legal, however.^[11]

Bets are also taken via phones, using email and SMS text messages,^[12] though poker and other sports are more suited to other media. As technology moves on, the gambling world ensures it is a major player in new technology operations.

Most televised sports in the United Kingdom and the rest of Europe are now sponsored wholly or partly by Internet and high street bookmakers, with sometimes several bookmakers and online casinos being displayed on players' shirts, advertising hoardings, stadium signs and competition event titles. Sponsors are especially highlighted in the football category since football fans present a significant percentage of the target group the bookmakers serve.

Many of the bookmakers are sponsoring some of the major football teams in the major European football leagues,^[13] although Werder Bremen are currently fighting the German courts for the freedom to continue featuring bookmaker Bwin on their shirts, as Germany and France take action against online gamers. For example, as of 1 January 2020, Germany bettors will not be able to bet more than €1,000 a month. The latest amendment of the ITG states that. New online sportsbook laws are expected in the near future in Germany, as this law is only temporary: the expiration date is set to be on 20 June 2020.^[14]

The situation is not that strict in France, however. Online sports betting in France is divided into two sections: Autorité de Régulation des Jeux en Ligne (ARJEL) regulates online sports betting, while online horse betting is regulated by the law 'Decree 2010-498 from 17 May 2010. International bookmakers are allowed to enter the French market, thanks to the Law No. 2010-476 from 12 May 2010.^[15][16]

With the recent banning of tobacco sponsorship^[17] and the significant commercial budgets available to the gaming industry, sponsorship by car manufacturers, alcoholic drinks, soft drinks and fast-food marketers is being rapidly replaced by sponsorship from gaming companies in the Far East and Europe.

The United Kingdom's Gambling Act 2005 introduced a new regulatory system for governing gambling in Great Britain. This system includes new provisions for regulating the advertising of gambling products. These provisions of the Act came into effect in September 2007. It is an offence to advertise in the UK, gambling that physically takes place in a non-European Economic Area (EEA) or, in the case of gambling by remote means, gambling that is not regulated by the gambling laws of an EEA state. The Gambling Commission is the body that makes sure all sites and operators follow the new restrictions. In addition to the Gambling Act of 2005, according to the new gambling bill, online gambling sites are only allowed to offer services within the United Kingdom, if they are registered at the UK Gambling Commission.^[18]

The situation is more confused in the United States, which has attempted to restrict operators of foreign gambling websites accessing their domestic market. This resulted in 2007 in a ruling against the US government by the World Trade Organization.^[19] However, common online gambling laws in the United States still don't exist - it differs from state to state. All forms of online gambling are illegal within the states of Utah and Hawaii, while the states of Delaware, Pennsylvania and New Jersey took a different approach: almost all forms of online gambling are legal in these states. These are the only US states where online casino sites can be legally registered. It is important to mention that Native Americans have their own gambling legislation - the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988. However, they need their state's approval in order to be able to offer their services online.^[20]

See also[edit]

• Bookies – a German film

Legalizing Gambling In Hawaii

References[edit]

1. ^Barrett, Norman, ed. (1995). The Daily Telegraph Chronicle of Horse Racing. Enfield, Middlesex: Guinness Publishing. p. 10.
2. ^Cortis, Dominic (2015). 'Expected Values and variance in bookmaker payouts: A Theoretical Approach towards setting limits on odds'. Journal of Prediction Markets. 1. 9.
3. ^Munting, Roger (1996). An Economic and Social History of Gambling in Britain and the USA. Manchester University Press. p. 89.
4. ^Vamplew, Wray; Kay, Joyce. (2005). Encyclopedia of British Horseracing. Routledge. p. 50.
5. ^Dick Kirby, The Race Track Gangs, The Peeler issue 7 July 2002, 'Friends of the Met Police Museum'
6. ^'Thomason, Ann Arabella [known as Bella Thomasson] (1874–1959), bookmaker'. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/56685.
7. ^Gambling Commission Gambling industry statistics April 2009 to September 2012
8. ^Vamplew and Kay, p. 51.
9. ^'A history of online casinos: infographic'. rightcasino.com.
10. ^'The Most Common Sportsbook Bonus Types'. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
11. ^Communications. 'Interactive Gambling Act 2001'. www.legislation.gov.au. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
12. ^'Betfred.com Chooses OtherLevels' Platform to Power Their Mobile Marketing Campaigns'. Market Watch. 28 July 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
13. ^'A Look At Bookmakers Sponsoring Football Clubs'. ReliableBookies.com. 19 March 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
14. ^'Entwurf eines Dritten Staatsvertrages zur Änderung des Staatsvertrages zum Glücksspielwesen in Deutschland (Dritter Glücksspieländerungsstaatsvertrag)'(PDF). Landtag Nordrhein-Westfalen.
15. ^LOI n° 2010-476 du 12 mai 2010 relative à l'ouverture à la concurrence et à la régulation du secteur des jeux d'argent et de hasard en ligne (1). Legifrance. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
16. ^Décret n° 2010-498 du 17 mai 2010 relatif à la définition des courses hippiques supports des paris en ligne et aux principes généraux du pari mutuel. Legifrance. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
17. ^Holman, C D'Arcy; Donovan, Robert; Corti, Billie; Jalleh, Geoffrey; Frizzell, Shirley; Carroll, Addy. 'Banning tobacco sponsorship: replacing tobacco with health messages and creating health-promoting environments'. The British Medical Journal. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
18. ^'The Gambling (Licensing and Advertising) Act 2014'. UK Gambling Commission. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
19. ^'WTO rules against US gaming ban'. BBC News. 30 March 2007. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
20. ^'Public Law 100-497-OCT. 17, 1988: An Act to regulate gaming on Indian lands'(PDF). Government Publishing Office [US]. Retrieved 4 September 2019.

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